Biblical Days of Creation and Psalm 104 Verses Creation day Psalm 104 verses Day 1 2a: light Day 2 2b–4: the “expanse” divides the waters Day 3 * 5–13: land and water distinct * 14–18: vegetation and trees Day 4 19–24: light-bearers as time-keepers Day 5 25–26: sea creatures Day 6 * 21–24: land animals
Biblical Harmony of the Events of Holy Week Day Event Matthew Mark Luke John Friday/Saturday Jesus arrives in Bethany 12:1 Mary anoints Jesus 12:2–8 Crowd comes to see Jesus 12:9–11 Sunday Triumphal entry into Jerusalem 21:1–11 11:1–10 19:28–44 12:12–18 Some Greeks seek Jesus 12:
Biblical The Parables of Jesus Parable Matthew Mark Luke The Purpose of the Parables 13:10–17 4:10–12 8:9–10 The Sower 13:1–9, 18–23 4:1–9, 13–20 8:4–8, 11–15 The Weeds 13:24–30, 36–43 4:26–29 The Mustard Seed 13:31–
Biblical The Twelve Apostles Matthew 10:2–4 Mark 3:16–19 Luke 6:14–16 John (various verses) Acts 1:13 1. Simon, who is called Peter 1. Simon (to whom he gave the name Peter) 1. Simon, whom he named Peter Simon Peter (1:40–42) 1. Peter 2. Andrew his [Simon
Biblical Jesus’ Five Discourses The authoritative message of the Messiah (Sermon on the Mount) chs. 5–7 The authoritative mission of the Messiah’s messengers ch. 10 The mysteries of the messianic kingdom revealed in parables ch. 13 The community of the Messiah revealed chs. 18–20 The delay, return, and judgment of the
Biblical New Testament Timeline 5 b.c.* Jesus is born in Bethlehem. 4 b.c. Jesus’ family flees to Egypt to escape from Herod’s plan to kill Jesus (Matt. 2:13–18); Herod dies; Judas (of Sepphoris) and others rebel, requiring the Syrian Governor Varus to intervene throughout Palestine; Sepphoris, a city four
Biblical The Already and Not Yet of the Last Days The OT prophets, writing from the vantage point of their present age (the time of promise), spoke of “the last days” as being the time of fulfillment in the distant future (e.g., Jer. 23:20; 49:39; Ezek. 38:16;Hos. 3:5; Mic. 4:1).
Biblical Philosophical Systems of the First Century a.d. Middle Platonists Expanded and dogmatized upon Plato’s concept of the realm of ideas/forms as more substantial than their individual physical expression. Sophists Enamored with the successful execution of rhetorical argumentation (sometimes regardless of the particular position taken in the argument). Cynics Contended for a more naturalistic way of
Biblical Roman Emperors (31 b.c.–a.d. 68) Augustus 31 b.c.–a.d. 14 Tiberius a.d. 14–37 Gaius Caligula a.d. 37–41 Claudius a.d. 41–54 Nero a.d. 54–68
Biblical The Herodian Dynasty This simplified version of the Herodian family tree focuses on those most relevant to NT study. Dates indicate period of reign, unless marked otherwise. Solid lines signify descent; dotted lines signify marriage. Abbreviations: d. = died; c. = circa (around, about).
Biblical Intertestamental Events Timeline 334–330b.c. Alexander the Great (356–323 b.c.) sweeps through Asia Minor and conquers the Persian Empire, including Egypt and Mesopotamia (see notes on Dan. 7:3; 7:6; 8:5; 8:8;8:20–22; 11:3; cf. 1 Macc. 1:1–7). Alexander imposes the Greek
Biblical Jewish and Roman Rulers Date Roman Emperors Roman Prefects/Procurators of Judea and Samaria Roman Prefects/ Procurators of All Israel Herodian Dynasty (37b.c.–a.d.93) Herodian Dynasty (37 b.c.–a.d. 93) Jewish High Priests 40b.c. 38 Herod the Great (37b.c.–4 b.c.) 36 34 32 30 28
Biblical Major Periods within Second Temple Judaism Second Temple Judaism developed as political authority changed hands from the Persians to the Greeks, to the Jewish Hasmoneans, and finally to the Romans. 539–331 b.c. 331–164 b.c. 164–63 b.c. 63 b.c.–a.d. 70 The Persian Period The Hellenistic Period * Ptolemaic (Egyptian)
Biblical Covenant in Malachi The word “covenant” (Hb. berit) in the OT entails four essential components: (1) a relationship (2) with a nonrelative that (3) involves obligations and (4) is established through an oath. It is used seven times in Malachi (out of a mere 1,193 words): a rate 10 times greater than
Biblical The Lord of Hosts: Frequency and Use in the OT Why does the title “Lord of hosts” appear more frequently in Malachi than in any other OT book, and in the time of prophetic books more than during other time periods? In the period of Isaiah, the northern kingdom was overrun and destroyed and the southern kingdom almost destroyed by
Biblical Key Themes: Malachi’s Sixfold Wake-up Call to Renewed Covenant Fidelity Disputation Reference Summary Focus Disputation 1 1:2–5 Malachi begins by defending the reality of God’s elective love for Israel, a love which calls for robust covenantal obedience and sincere worship as its proper response. Instead, the people were dishonoring God by their worthless offerings and the hypocritical
Biblical Zechariah’s Visions Vision Passage Content Summary Zechariah’s Question(s) to the Messenger Promise/Outcome 1 1:7–17 Vision of horsemen who “patrol the earth” and report the condition of the earth; the Lord promises to build his house in Jerusalem What are these, my lord? (v. 9) The Lord is
Biblical Dates of the Oracles in Zechariah Reference Date 1:1 eighth month of the second year of Darius October/November 520b.c. 1:7 24th day of the 11th month (Shebat) of the second year of Darius February 15, 519 7:1 fourth day of the ninth month (Kislev) of the fourth year of Darius December
Biblical Zechariah Texts Quoted in the New Testament Regarding Jesus’ Ministry Zechariah Text Content Summary NT Passages 9:9 the king comes to Zion humble and riding a donkey Matt. 21:5; John 12:15 11:13 30 pieces of silver thrown into the house of the Lord Matt. 27:9 12:10 looking on him whom they have pierced John
Biblical Dates of the Oracles in Haggai (All in 520 b.c.) Oracle Reference Date First 1:1 1st day of 6th month (Aug. 29) Second 1:15 24th day of 6th month (Sept. 21) Third 2:1 21st day of 7th month (Oct. 17) Fourth 2:10 24th day of 9th month (Dec. 18) Fifth 2:20 24th day of 9th
Biblical Afflictions of Assyria against Israel The Neo-Assyrian period (935–609 b.c.) brought renewed threats from the Assyrians. God used the Assyrians to chasten wayward Israel. In Nah. 1:12 the Lord tells Judah that “Though I have afflicted you [through the Assyrians], I will afflict you no longer.” Assyrian Ruler Reign Affliction Significance and
Biblical Occurrences of the key word (ra‘ah; “evil”/“disaster”/“discomfort”) in Jonah 1:2 The Lord confronts Jonah with the evil of the city Nineveh. 1:7 The sailors decide to cast lots to find the source of the evil they experience. 1:8 The sailors confront Jonah, wondering why evil has come upon them. 3:8 The Ninevite king calls for
Biblical Interpretative Challenge: The Locust Invasion If chapter 1 … then chapter 2 … 1. describes an actual locust infestation … presents a heightened description of the same invasion. 2. describes an actual locust infestation … issues a warning about a coming military offensive. 3. describes an actual locust infestation functioning as a prophetic forerunner … uses that imagery to portray
Biblical The Traditional View of Daniel’s Visions Babylonian Empire (625–539 b.c.) Medo–Persian Empire(539–331b.c.) Greek Empire (331–63 b.c.) Roman Empire(63b.c.–a.d.476) Future Events Vision of Statue(ch. 2) head of gold (vv. 36–38) chest and arms of silver (vv. 32, 39) middle and thighs of
Biblical Explicit References to Dates in Daniel Babylon Nebuchadnezzar’s 1st year 605 b.c. ch. 1 Nebuchadnezzar’s 2nd year 604 ch. 2 Nebuchadnezzar’s reign 605–562 chs. 3–4 Belshazzar’s 1st year 550 ch. 7 Belshazzar’s 3rd year 548 ch. 8 Belshazzar’s last year 539 ch. 5 Persia Cyrus’s 3rd
