Biblical Rulers During the Time of Daniel Babylon Nebuchadnezzar 605–562 b.c. Nabonidus 556–539 Co-regent Belshazzar 550–539 Persia Cyrus 539–530 Darius I 522–486
Biblical Dates in Ezekiel Reference Year/month/day following exile of Jehoiachin Modern equivalent*/yearb.c. Situation 1:2 5th year / 4th month / 5th day July 593*** inaugural vision 8:1 6th year / 6th month / 5th day September 592 first temple vision 20:1 7th year / 5th month / 10th day August 591 elders come
Biblical Parallels between Jeremiah and Lamentations Jeremiah Lamentations I will make this house like Shiloh (chs. 7, 26) The Lord has scorned … his sanctuary (2:7) Let my eyes run down with tears (14:17–22) my eyes flow with rivers of tears (3:48–51) can I not do with you as this potter has
Biblical Parallels to Jeremiah 52 Jeremiah 52 Parallels in 2 Kings 24–25 Parallels in Jeremiah 39 vv. 1–11 24:18–25:7 vv. 4–11 vv. 1–7 vv. 12–27 25:8–21 vv. 31–34 25:27–30
Biblical The Date of Jeremiah’s Call Date Event 628/627 b.c. Josiah’s cleansing of the temple (12th year of Josiah’s reign) 627 Jeremiah’s call (13th year of Josiah’s reign) 626 Babylon’s rebellion and independence (14th year of Josiah’s reign)
Biblical Dates of Events in Jeremiah Dates Passage Under Josiah (627–609 b.c.) * 1:1–19 * 3:6–6:30 Under Jehoahaz (609) and Jehoiakim (609–597) * 7:1–34 * 25:1–38 * 26:1–24 * 35:1–19 * 36:1–32 * 45:1–5 * 46:1–28 * 47:1–7 * 48:1–47 Under
Biblical Simplified Overview of Isaiah Isaiah 1–39 Isaiah 40–55 Isaiah 56–66 Date and Setting The eighth century b.c.(700s); the Assyrian threat Prophecies about the sixth century b.c. (500s); the Babylonian exile Prophecies about all times and occasions until the end Audience God’s rebellious people craving worldly security God’
Biblical Oracles against the Nations in the Prophets Oracles against the Nations in the Prophets Isaiah Jeremiah Ezekiel Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Nahum Zephaniah Zechariah* Ammon 49:1–6 25:1–7 1:13–15 Arabia 21:13–17 Assyria (Nineveh) 10:5–19; 14:24–27 (Nineveh) (Nineveh) Babylon 13:1–14:23; 21:1–10; 46:
Biblical Datable Events in the Book of Isaiah Uzziah’s death; Isaiah’s call ch. 6 740 b.c. Days of Ahaz ch. 7 c. 735 Assyrian invasion chs. 36–38 701 Sennacherib’s death 37:38 681 Babylonians will destroy Jerusalem 39:6–8 586 Israel will return from Babylonian exile chs. 40–48 538
Biblical Kings of Judah in the Time of Isaiah Isaiah prophesied “in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah” (1:1). Kings of Judah Years of Reign Uzziah (Azariah) 767–740 b.c. Jotham 750–735 Ahaz 735–715 Hezekiah 715–686
Biblical Activity of the Writing Prophets during the Reigns of the Kings of Israel and Judah Timeline King of Judah // Event Prophet to Judah Prophet to Israel King of Israel // Event 780 b.c. Jeroboam II (781–753) 770 760 Uzziah (c. 760) (c. 760) (Azariah) Amos Jonah (767–740) (c. 755) Hosea Zechariah (753–752) Shallum (752) 750 Jotham Menahem (752–742) (750–735) Micah
Biblical The Use of Psalm 22 in Matthew 27 Ps. 22:18 They divide my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots. And when they had crucified him, they divided his garments among them by casting lots. Matt. 27:35 Ps. 22:7 All who see me mock me; they make mouths at me; they wag
Biblical Structure of the Psalter Book 1 Psalms 1–41 Psalms 1–2 have no titles that attribute authorship (but see Acts 4:25 for Psalm 2); they provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. The remainder of Book 1 is made up almost entirely of psalms of David: only Psalms 10 (but
Biblical Literary Terms Term Explanation Example Image A word or phrase that names a concrete action or thing; by extension, a character, setting, or event in a story is an image—a concrete embodiment of human experience or an idea. the way (or path); the congregation (or assembly); nature (or harvest) (Psalm 1)
Biblical Psalms Connected to Incidents in David’s Life Psalm Incident References 3 David flees from and battles Absalom 2 Samuel 15–17 7 The words of Cush, a Benjaminite (persecution by Saul?) Unknown 18 David delivered from enemies and from Saul 2 Samuel 22 30 Dedication of the temple Nothing in David’s lifetime; cf. 1 Kings 8:
Biblical Hebrew Terms for Types of Poems Category Hebrew Term Meaning general shir song tehillah prayer, song of praise zamir/zimrah song qinah lament, dirge, with a grieving content wisdom sayings mashal proverb khidah riddle prophetic poetry massa’ oracular utterance, “burden”
Biblical Chronology in Esther The events of Esther unfold over a period of 10 years. Reference Event Month Day Year of Ahasuerus’s Reign Year 1:3 Ahasuerus holds his banquets 3 483b.c. 2:16 Esther goes to Ahasuerus 10 7 479 3:7 Haman casts his lots 1 12 474 3:12
Biblical Chronology of Nehemiah Event Month/Day Year Reference Hanani brings Nehemiah a report from Jerusalem (20th year of Artaxerxes I) 445–444 b.c. 1:1 Nehemiah before King Artaxerxes 1 445 2:1 Nehemiah arrives to inspect Jerusalem walls 445 2:11 Wall is finished 6/25 445 6:15 People of
Biblical The Hand of God in Ezra and Nehemiah Ezra 7:6 The king granted Ezra all that he asked for the hand of the Lord his God was on him Ezra 7:9 Ezra began to go up from Babylon and came to Jerusalem for the good hand of his God was on him Ezra 7:28 Ezra
Biblical Kings of Persia Mentioned in Ezra–Nehemiah Cyrus 539–530 b.c. Darius I 522–486 Xerxes (Ahasuerus) 485–464 Artaxerxes I 464–423
Biblical Adversaries Hinder Work Ezra 4:5 The people of the land hired counselors to work against the Israelites from the reigns of Cyrus (539–530 b.c.) to Darius (522–486) Ezra 4:6 Accusations arose during the reign of Xerxes (Ahasuerus) (486–464) Ezra 4:7–23 Accusations arose during the reign
Biblical Chronology of Ezra Event Year Reference Cyrus king of Persia captures Babylon 539 b.c. Dan. 5:30–31 First year of King Cyrus; issues proclamation freeing Jewish exiles to return 538–537 Ezra 1:1–4 Jewish exiles, led by Sheshbazzar, return from Babylon to Jerusalem 537? Ezra 1:11 Altar rebuilt
Biblical Relationship of Ezra–Nehemiah to 1–2 Chronicles Relationship of Ezra–Nehemiah to 1–2 Chronicles 1–2 Chronicles Ezra–Nehemiah Chronicles ends with the Cyrus Edict. Ezra begins with the Cyrus Edict. Chronicles emphasizes Jerusalem and the temple. Ezra–Nehemiah emphasizes Jerusalem and the temple. Chronicles has a priestly focus. Ezra is more focused on the law
Biblical The Chronicler’s Presentation of the Reigns of David and Solomon In contrast to 1–2 Samuel and 1–2 Kings, the Chronicler focuses overwhelmingly on the religious significance of the united reign of David and Solomon, principally their joint role in establishing the Davidic covenant and the Jerusalem temple. Little attention is paid to the personal and political dimensions of
